diff --git a/test/db.js b/test/db.js
index 89cf28c1..09371669 100644
--- a/test/db.js
+++ b/test/db.js
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ const {
 } = require('./lib/validators')
 const createValidate = require('./lib/validate-fptf-with')
 const testJourneysStationToStation = require('./lib/journeys-station-to-station')
+const testEarlierLaterJourneys = require('./lib/earlier-later-journeys')
 
 const isObj = o => o !== null && 'object' === typeof o && !Array.isArray(o)
 
@@ -154,57 +155,14 @@ test('journeys: via works – with detour', co(function* (t) {
 }))
 
 test('earlier/later journeys, Jungfernheide -> München Hbf', co(function* (t) {
-	const model = yield client.journeys(jungfernheide, münchenHbf, {
-		results: 3, when
+	yield testEarlierLaterJourneys({
+		test: t,
+		fetchJourneys: client.journeys,
+		validate,
+		fromId: jungfernheide,
+		toId: münchenHbf
 	})
 
-	// todo: move to journeys validator?
-	t.equal(typeof model.earlierRef, 'string')
-	t.ok(model.earlierRef)
-	t.equal(typeof model.laterRef, 'string')
-	t.ok(model.laterRef)
-
-	// when and earlierThan/laterThan should be mutually exclusive
-	t.throws(() => {
-		client.journeys(jungfernheide, münchenHbf, {
-			when, earlierThan: model.earlierRef
-		})
-		// silence rejections, we're only interested in exceptions
-		.catch(() => {})
-	})
-	t.throws(() => {
-		client.journeys(jungfernheide, münchenHbf, {
-			when, laterThan: model.laterRef
-		})
-		// silence rejections, we're only interested in exceptions
-		.catch(() => {})
-	})
-
-	let earliestDep = Infinity, latestDep = -Infinity
-	for (let j of model) {
-		const dep = +new Date(j.legs[0].departure)
-		if (dep < earliestDep) earliestDep = dep
-		else if (dep > latestDep) latestDep = dep
-	}
-
-	const earlier = yield client.journeys(jungfernheide, münchenHbf, {
-		results: 3,
-		// todo: single journey ref?
-		earlierThan: model.earlierRef
-	})
-	for (let j of earlier) {
-		t.ok(new Date(j.legs[0].departure) < earliestDep)
-	}
-
-	const later = yield client.journeys(jungfernheide, münchenHbf, {
-		results: 3,
-		// todo: single journey ref?
-		laterThan: model.laterRef
-	})
-	for (let j of later) {
-		t.ok(new Date(j.legs[0].departure) > latestDep)
-	}
-
 	t.end()
 }))
 
diff --git a/test/insa.js b/test/insa.js
index 99b48497..2ce5a0c8 100644
--- a/test/insa.js
+++ b/test/insa.js
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ const insaProfile = require('../p/insa')
 const products = require('../p/insa/products')
 const createValidate = require('./lib/validate-fptf-with')
 const testJourneysStationToStation = require('./lib/journeys-station-to-station')
+const testEarlierLaterJourneys = require('./lib/earlier-later-journeys')
 
 const isObj = o => o !== null && 'object' === typeof o && !Array.isArray(o)
 
@@ -126,57 +127,14 @@ test('journeys: via works – with detour', co(function* (t) {
 }))
 
 test('earlier/later journeys', co(function* (t) {
-	const model = yield client.journeys(magdeburgHbf, magdeburgBuckau, {
-		results: 3, when
+	yield testEarlierLaterJourneys({
+		test: t,
+		fetchJourneys: client.journeys,
+		validate,
+		fromId: magdeburgHbf,
+		toId: magdeburgBuckau
 	})
 
-	// todo: move to journeys validator?
-	t.equal(typeof model.earlierRef, 'string')
-	t.ok(model.earlierRef)
-	t.equal(typeof model.laterRef, 'string')
-	t.ok(model.laterRef)
-
-	// when and earlierThan/laterThan should be mutually exclusive
-	t.throws(() => {
-		client.journeys(magdeburgHbf, magdeburgBuckau, {
-			when, earlierThan: model.earlierRef
-		})
-		// silence rejections, we're only interested in exceptions
-		.catch(() => {})
-	})
-	t.throws(() => {
-		client.journeys(magdeburgHbf, magdeburgBuckau, {
-			when, laterThan: model.laterRef
-		})
-		// silence rejections, we're only interested in exceptions
-		.catch(() => {})
-	})
-
-	let earliestDep = Infinity, latestDep = -Infinity
-	for (let j of model) {
-		const dep = +new Date(j.legs[0].departure)
-		if (dep < earliestDep) earliestDep = dep
-		else if (dep > latestDep) latestDep = dep
-	}
-
-	const earlier = yield client.journeys(magdeburgHbf, magdeburgBuckau, {
-		results: 3,
-		// todo: single journey ref?
-		earlierThan: model.earlierRef
-	})
-	for (let j of earlier) {
-		t.ok(new Date(j.legs[0].departure) < earliestDep)
-	}
-
-	const later = yield client.journeys(magdeburgHbf, magdeburgBuckau, {
-		results: 3,
-		// todo: single journey ref?
-		laterThan: model.laterRef
-	})
-	for (let j of later) {
-		t.ok(new Date(j.legs[0].departure) > latestDep)
-	}
-
 	t.end()
 }))
 
diff --git a/test/lib/earlier-later-journeys.js b/test/lib/earlier-later-journeys.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a9323815
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/lib/earlier-later-journeys.js
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+'use strict'
+
+const co = require('./co')
+
+const testEarlierLaterJourneys = co(function* (cfg) {
+	const {
+		test: t,
+		fetchJourneys,
+		fromId,
+		toId,
+		when,
+		// todo: validate
+	} = cfg
+
+	const model = yield fetchJourneys(fromId, toId, {
+		results: 3, when
+	})
+
+	// todo: move to journeys validator?
+	t.equal(typeof model.earlierRef, 'string')
+	t.ok(model.earlierRef)
+	t.equal(typeof model.laterRef, 'string')
+	t.ok(model.laterRef)
+
+	// when and earlierThan/laterThan should be mutually exclusive
+	t.throws(() => {
+		fetchJourneys(fromId, toId, {
+			when, earlierThan: model.earlierRef
+		})
+		// silence rejections, we're only interested in exceptions
+		.catch(() => {})
+	})
+	t.throws(() => {
+		fetchJourneys(fromId, toId, {
+			when, laterThan: model.laterRef
+		})
+		// silence rejections, we're only interested in exceptions
+		.catch(() => {})
+	})
+
+	let earliestDep = Infinity, latestDep = -Infinity
+	for (let j of model) {
+		const dep = +new Date(j.legs[0].departure)
+		if (dep < earliestDep) earliestDep = dep
+		else if (dep > latestDep) latestDep = dep
+	}
+
+	const earlier = yield fetchJourneys(fromId, toId, {
+		results: 3,
+		// todo: single journey ref?
+		earlierThan: model.earlierRef
+	})
+	for (let j of earlier) {
+		t.ok(new Date(j.legs[0].departure) < earliestDep)
+	}
+
+	const later = yield fetchJourneys(fromId, toId, {
+		results: 3,
+		// todo: single journey ref?
+		laterThan: model.laterRef
+	})
+	for (let j of later) {
+		t.ok(new Date(j.legs[0].departure) > latestDep)
+	}
+})
+
+module.exports = testEarlierLaterJourneys
diff --git a/test/nahsh.js b/test/nahsh.js
index 6b41e9b3..dfe1f0af 100644
--- a/test/nahsh.js
+++ b/test/nahsh.js
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ const {
 } = require('./lib/validators')
 const createValidate = require('./lib/validate-fptf-with')
 const testJourneysStationToStation = require('./lib/journeys-station-to-station')
+const testEarlierLaterJourneys = require('./lib/earlier-later-journeys')
 
 const when = createWhen('Europe/Berlin', 'de-DE')
 
@@ -153,57 +154,14 @@ test('Husum to Lübeck Hbf with stopover at Kiel Hbf', co(function* (t) {
 }))
 
 test('earlier/later journeys, Kiel Hbf -> Flensburg', co(function* (t) {
-	const model = yield client.journeys(kielHbf, flensburg, {
-		results: 3, when
+	yield testEarlierLaterJourneys({
+		test: t,
+		fetchJourneys: client.journeys,
+		validate,
+		fromId: kielHbf,
+		toId: flensburg
 	})
 
-	// todo: move to journeys validator?
-	t.equal(typeof model.earlierRef, 'string')
-	t.ok(model.earlierRef)
-	t.equal(typeof model.laterRef, 'string')
-	t.ok(model.laterRef)
-
-	// when and earlierThan/laterThan should be mutually exclusive
-	t.throws(() => {
-		client.journeys(kielHbf, flensburg, {
-			when, earlierThan: model.earlierRef
-		})
-		// silence rejections, we're only interested in exceptions
-		.catch(() => {})
-	})
-	t.throws(() => {
-		client.journeys(kielHbf, flensburg, {
-			when, laterThan: model.laterRef
-		})
-		// silence rejections, we're only interested in exceptions
-		.catch(() => {})
-	})
-
-	let earliestDep = Infinity, latestDep = -Infinity
-	for (let j of model) {
-		const dep = +new Date(j.legs[0].departure)
-		if (dep < earliestDep) earliestDep = dep
-		else if (dep > latestDep) latestDep = dep
-	}
-
-	const earlier = yield client.journeys(kielHbf, flensburg, {
-		results: 3,
-		// todo: single journey ref?
-		earlierThan: model.earlierRef
-	})
-	for (let j of earlier) {
-		t.ok(new Date(j.legs[0].departure) < earliestDep)
-	}
-
-	const later = yield client.journeys(kielHbf, flensburg, {
-		results: 3,
-		// todo: single journey ref?
-		laterThan: model.laterRef
-	})
-	for (let j of later) {
-		t.ok(new Date(j.legs[0].departure) > latestDep)
-	}
-
 	t.end()
 }))
 
diff --git a/test/oebb.js b/test/oebb.js
index 529b0a40..90083c06 100644
--- a/test/oebb.js
+++ b/test/oebb.js
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ const {
 } = require('./lib/validators')
 const createValidate = require('./lib/validate-fptf-with')
 const testJourneysStationToStation = require('./lib/journeys-station-to-station')
+const testEarlierLaterJourneys = require('./lib/earlier-later-journeys')
 
 const when = createWhen('Europe/Vienna', 'de-AT')
 
@@ -187,57 +188,14 @@ test('journeys: via works – without detour', co(function* (t) {
 }))
 
 test('earlier/later journeys, Salzburg Hbf -> Wien Westbahnhof', co(function* (t) {
-	const model = yield client.journeys(salzburgHbf, wienWestbahnhof, {
-		results: 3, when
+	yield testEarlierLaterJourneys({
+		test: t,
+		fetchJourneys: client.journeys,
+		validate,
+		fromId: salzburgHbf,
+		toId: wienWestbahnhof
 	})
 
-	// todo: move to journeys validator?
-	t.equal(typeof model.earlierRef, 'string')
-	t.ok(model.earlierRef)
-	t.equal(typeof model.laterRef, 'string')
-	t.ok(model.laterRef)
-
-	// when and earlierThan/laterThan should be mutually exclusive
-	t.throws(() => {
-		client.journeys(salzburgHbf, wienWestbahnhof, {
-			when, earlierThan: model.earlierRef
-		})
-		// silence rejections, we're only interested in exceptions
-		.catch(() => {})
-	})
-	t.throws(() => {
-		client.journeys(salzburgHbf, wienWestbahnhof, {
-			when, laterThan: model.laterRef
-		})
-		// silence rejections, we're only interested in exceptions
-		.catch(() => {})
-	})
-
-	let earliestDep = Infinity, latestDep = -Infinity
-	for (let j of model) {
-		const dep = +new Date(j.legs[0].departure)
-		if (dep < earliestDep) earliestDep = dep
-		else if (dep > latestDep) latestDep = dep
-	}
-
-	const earlier = yield client.journeys(salzburgHbf, wienWestbahnhof, {
-		results: 3,
-		// todo: single journey ref?
-		earlierThan: model.earlierRef
-	})
-	for (let j of earlier) {
-		t.ok(new Date(j.legs[0].departure) < earliestDep)
-	}
-
-	const later = yield client.journeys(salzburgHbf, wienWestbahnhof, {
-		results: 3,
-		// todo: single journey ref?
-		laterThan: model.laterRef
-	})
-	for (let j of later) {
-		t.ok(new Date(j.legs[0].departure) > latestDep)
-	}
-
 	t.end()
 }))
 
diff --git a/test/vbb.js b/test/vbb.js
index e49d5ef1..4b31a1dd 100644
--- a/test/vbb.js
+++ b/test/vbb.js
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ const {
 } = require('./lib/validators')
 const createValidate = require('./lib/validate-fptf-with')
 const testJourneysStationToStation = require('./lib/journeys-station-to-station')
+const testEarlierLaterJourneys = require('./lib/earlier-later-journeys')
 
 const when = createWhen('Europe/Berlin', 'de-DE')
 
@@ -180,57 +181,14 @@ test('journeys – fails with no product', (t) => {
 })
 
 test('earlier/later journeys', co(function* (t) {
-	const model = yield client.journeys(spichernstr, bismarckstr, {
-		results: 3, when
+	yield testEarlierLaterJourneys({
+		test: t,
+		fetchJourneys: client.journeys,
+		validate,
+		fromId: spichernstr,
+		toId: bismarckstr
 	})
 
-	// todo: move to journeys validator?
-	t.equal(typeof model.earlierRef, 'string')
-	t.ok(model.earlierRef)
-	t.equal(typeof model.laterRef, 'string')
-	t.ok(model.laterRef)
-
-	// when and earlierThan/laterThan should be mutually exclusive
-	t.throws(() => {
-		client.journeys(spichernstr, bismarckstr, {
-			when, earlierThan: model.earlierRef
-		})
-		// silence rejections, we're only interested in exceptions
-		.catch(() => {})
-	})
-	t.throws(() => {
-		client.journeys(spichernstr, bismarckstr, {
-			when, laterThan: model.laterRef
-		})
-		// silence rejections, we're only interested in exceptions
-		.catch(() => {})
-	})
-
-	let earliestDep = Infinity, latestDep = -Infinity
-	for (let j of model) {
-		const dep = +new Date(j.legs[0].departure)
-		if (dep < earliestDep) earliestDep = dep
-		else if (dep > latestDep) latestDep = dep
-	}
-
-	const earlier = yield client.journeys(spichernstr, bismarckstr, {
-		results: 3,
-		// todo: single journey ref?
-		earlierThan: model.earlierRef
-	})
-	for (let j of earlier) {
-		t.ok(new Date(j.legs[0].departure) < earliestDep)
-	}
-
-	const later = yield client.journeys(spichernstr, bismarckstr, {
-		results: 3,
-		// todo: single journey ref?
-		laterThan: model.laterRef
-	})
-	for (let j of later) {
-		t.ok(new Date(j.legs[0].departure) > latestDep)
-	}
-
 	t.end()
 }))