diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 9c305030..55b42b0b 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 		"tap-spec": "^4.1.1",
 		"tape": "^4.8.0",
 		"tape-promise": "^3.0.0",
-		"validate-fptf": "^1.2.1",
+		"validate-fptf": "^1.3.0",
 		"vbb-stations-autocomplete": "^3.1.0"
 	},
 	"scripts": {
diff --git a/test/lib/util.js b/test/lib/util.js
index fbd0d8c5..d5afed72 100644
--- a/test/lib/util.js
+++ b/test/lib/util.js
@@ -1,98 +1,7 @@
 'use strict'
 
-const validateFptf = require('validate-fptf')
 const isRoughlyEqual = require('is-roughly-equal')
 const {DateTime} = require('luxon')
-const isValidWGS84 = require('is-coordinates')
-
-const validateFptfWith = (t, item, allowedTypes, name) => {
-	try {
-		validateFptf.recurse(allowedTypes, item, name)
-	} catch (err) {
-		t.ifError(err)
-	}
-}
-
-const assertValidStation = (t, s, coordsOptional = false) => {
-	validateFptfWith(t, s, ['station'], 'station')
-
-	if (!coordsOptional || (s.location !== null && s.location !== undefined)) {
-		t.ok(s.location)
-		assertValidLocation(t, s.location, coordsOptional)
-	}
-}
-
-const assertValidPoi = (t, p) => {
-	assertValidLocation(t, p, true)
-
-	t.equal(typeof p.id, 'string')
-	t.equal(typeof p.name, 'string')
-	if (p.address !== null && p.address !== undefined) {
-		t.equal(typeof p.address, 'string')
-		t.ok(p.address)
-	}
-}
-
-const assertValidAddress = (t, a) => {
-	assertValidLocation(t, a, true)
-
-	t.equal(typeof a.address, 'string')
-}
-
-const assertValidLocation = (t, l, coordsOptional = false) => {
-	t.equal(l.type, 'location')
-	if (l.name !== null && l.name !== undefined) {
-		t.equal(typeof l.name, 'string')
-		t.ok(l.name)
-	}
-
-	if (l.address !== null && l.address !== undefined) {
-		t.equal(typeof l.address, 'string')
-		t.ok(l.address)
-	}
-
-	const hasLatitude = l.latitude !== null && l.latitude !== undefined
-	const hasLongitude = l.longitude !== null && l.longitude !== undefined
-	if (!coordsOptional && hasLatitude) t.equal(typeof l.latitude, 'number')
-	if (!coordsOptional && hasLongitude) t.equal(typeof l.longitude, 'number')
-	if ((hasLongitude && !hasLatitude) || (hasLatitude && !hasLongitude)) {
-		t.fail('should have both .latitude and .longitude')
-	}
-	if (hasLatitude && hasLongitude) isValidWGS84([l.longitude, l.latitude])
-
-	if (!coordsOptional && l.altitude !== null && l.altitude !== undefined) {
-		t.equal(typeof l.altitude, 'number')
-	}
-}
-
-const validLineModes = [
-	'train', 'bus', 'watercraft', 'taxi', 'gondola', 'aircraft',
-	'car', 'bicycle', 'walking'
-]
-
-const assertValidLine = (t, l) => {
-	validateFptfWith(t, l, ['line'], 'line')
-}
-
-const isValidDateTime = (w) => {
-	return !Number.isNaN(+new Date(w))
-}
-
-const assertValidStopover = (t, s, coordsOptional = false) => {
-	if ('arrival' in s) t.ok(isValidDateTime(s.arrival))
-	if ('departure' in s) t.ok(isValidDateTime(s.departure))
-	if (s.arrivalDelay !== null && s.arrivalDelay !== undefined) {
-		t.equal(typeof s.arrivalDelay, 'number')
-	}
-	if (s.departureDelay !== null && s.departureDelay !== undefined) {
-		t.equal(typeof s.departureDelay, 'number')
-	}
-	if (!('arrival' in s) && !('departure' in s)) {
-		t.fail('stopover doesn\'t contain arrival or departure')
-	}
-	t.ok(s.station)
-	assertValidStation(t, s.station, coordsOptional)
-}
 
 const hour = 60 * 60 * 1000
 const week = 7 * 24 * hour
@@ -104,55 +13,14 @@ const createWhen = (timezone, locale) => {
 		locale,
 	}).startOf('week').plus({weeks: 1, hours: 10}).toJSDate()
 }
+
 const isValidWhen = (actual, expected) => {
 	const ts = +new Date(actual)
 	if (Number.isNaN(ts)) return false
-	return isRoughlyEqual(12 * hour, +expected, ts)
-}
-
-const assertValidWhen = (t, actual, expected) => {
-	t.ok(isValidWhen(actual, expected), 'invalid when')
-}
-
-const assertValidTicket = (t, ti) => {
-	t.strictEqual(typeof ti.name, 'string')
-	t.ok(ti.name.length > 0)
-	if (ti.price !== null) {
-		t.strictEqual(typeof ti.price, 'number')
-		t.ok(ti.price > 0)
-	}
-	if (ti.amount !== null) {
-		t.strictEqual(typeof ti.amount, 'number')
-		t.ok(ti.amount > 0)
-	}
-
-	if ('bike' in ti) t.strictEqual(typeof ti.bike, 'boolean')
-	if ('shortTrip' in ti) t.strictEqual(typeof ti.shortTrip, 'boolean')
-	if ('group' in ti) t.strictEqual(typeof ti.group, 'boolean')
-	if ('fullDay' in ti) t.strictEqual(typeof ti.fullDay, 'boolean')
-
-	if (ti.tariff !== null) {
-		t.strictEqual(typeof ti.tariff, 'string')
-		t.ok(ti.tariff.length > 0)
-	}
-	if (ti.coverage !== null) {
-		t.strictEqual(typeof ti.coverage, 'string')
-		t.ok(ti.coverage.length > 0)
-	}
-	if (ti.variant !== null) {
-		t.strictEqual(typeof ti.variant, 'string')
-		t.ok(ti.variant.length > 0)
-	}
+	// the timestamps might be from long-distance trains
+	return isRoughlyEqual(14 * hour, +expected, ts)
 }
 
 module.exports = {
-	assertValidStation,
-	assertValidPoi,
-	assertValidAddress,
-	assertValidLocation,
-	assertValidLine,
-	isValidDateTime,
-	assertValidStopover,
-	hour, createWhen, isValidWhen, assertValidWhen,
-	assertValidTicket
+	hour, createWhen, isValidWhen
 }
diff --git a/test/lib/validate-fptf-with.js b/test/lib/validate-fptf-with.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..09624a3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/lib/validate-fptf-with.js
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+'use strict'
+
+const {defaultValidators, createRecurse} = require('validate-fptf')
+const validators = require('./validators')
+
+const create = (cfg, customValidators = {}) => {
+	const vals = Object.assign({}, defaultValidators)
+	for (let key of Object.keys(validators)) {
+		vals[key] = validators[key](cfg)
+	}
+	Object.assign(vals, customValidators)
+	const recurse = createRecurse(vals)
+
+	const validateFptfWith = (t, item, allowedTypes, name) => {
+		try {
+			recurse(allowedTypes, item, name)
+		} catch (err) {
+			t.ifError(err) // todo: improve error logging
+		}
+	}
+	return validateFptfWith
+}
+
+module.exports = create
diff --git a/test/lib/validators.js b/test/lib/validators.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1ab565f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/lib/validators.js
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+'use strict'
+
+const a = require('assert')
+const {defaultValidators} = require('validate-fptf')
+const validateRef = require('validate-fptf/lib/reference')
+const validateDate = require('validate-fptf/lib/date')
+
+const {isValidWhen} = require('./util')
+
+const isObj = o => o !== null && 'object' === typeof o && !Array.isArray(o)
+const is = val => val !== null && val !== undefined
+
+const createValidateStation = (cfg) => {
+	const validateStation = (validate, s, name = 'station') => {
+		defaultValidators.station(validate, s, name)
+
+		if (!cfg.stationCoordsOptional) {
+			a.ok(is(s.location), `missing ${name}.location`)
+		}
+		a.ok(isObj(s.products), name + '.products must be an object')
+		for (let product of cfg.products) {
+			const msg = name + `.products[${product.id}] must be a boolean`
+			a.strictEqual(typeof s.products[product.id], 'boolean', msg)
+		}
+
+		if ('lines' in s) {
+			a.ok(Array.isArray(s.lines), name + `.lines must be an array`)
+			for (let i = 0; i < s.lines.length; i++) {
+				validate(['line'], s.lines[i], name + `.lines[${i}]`)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return validateStation
+}
+
+const validatePoi = (validate, poi, name = 'location') => {
+	defaultValidators.location(validate, poi, name)
+	validateRef(poi.id, name + '.id')
+	a.ok(poi.name, name + '.name must not be empty')
+}
+
+const validateAddress = (validate, addr, name = 'location') => {
+	defaultValidators.location(validate, addr, name)
+	a.strictEqual(typeof addr.address, 'string', name + '.address must be a string')
+	a.ok(addr.address, name + '.address must not be empty')
+}
+
+const validateLocation = (validate, loc, name = 'location') => {
+	a.ok(isObj(loc), name + ' must be an object')
+	if (loc.type === 'station') validate(['station'], loc, name)
+	else if ('id' in loc) validatePoi(validate, loc, name)
+	else validateAddress(validate, loc, name)
+}
+
+const createValidateLine = (cfg) => {
+	const validLineModes = []
+	for (let product of cfg.products) {
+		if (!validLineModes.includes(product.mode)) {
+			validLineModes.push(product.mode)
+		}
+	}
+
+	const validateLine = (validate, line, name = 'line') => {
+		defaultValidators.line(validate, line, name)
+		a.ok(validLineModes.includes(line.mode))
+	}
+	return validateLine
+}
+
+const createValidateStopover = (cfg) => {
+	const validateStopover = (validate, s, name = 'stopover') => {
+		if (is(s.arrival)) {
+			validateDate(s.arrival, name + '.arrival')
+			a.ok(isValidWhen(s.arrival, cfg.when), name + '.arrival is invalid')
+		}
+		if (is(s.departure)) {
+			validateDate(s.departure, name + '.departure')
+			a.ok(isValidWhen(s.departure, cfg.when), name + '.departure is invalid')
+		}
+		if (!is(s.arrival) && !is(s.departure)) {
+			asser.fail(name + ' contains neither arrival nor departure')
+		}
+
+		if (is(s.arrivalDelay)) {
+			const msg = name + '.arrivalDelay must be a number'
+			a.strictEqual(typeof s.arrivalDelay, 'number', msg)
+		}
+		if (is(s.departureDelay)) {
+			const msg = name + '.departureDelay must be a number'
+			a.strictEqual(typeof s.departureDelay, 'number', msg)
+		}
+
+		validate(['station'], s.station, name + '.station')
+	}
+	return validateStopover
+}
+
+const validateTicket = (validate, ti, name = 'ticket') => {
+	a.strictEqual(typeof ti.name, 'string', name + '.name must be a string')
+	a.ok(ti.name, name + '.name must not be empty')
+
+	if (is(ti.price)) {
+		a.strictEqual(typeof ti.price, 'number', name + '.price must be a number')
+		a.ok(ti.price > 0, name + '.price must be >0')
+	}
+	if (is(ti.amount)) {
+		a.strictEqual(typeof ti.amount, 'number', name + '.amount must be a number')
+		a.ok(ti.amount > 0, name + '.amount must be >0')
+	}
+
+	// todo: move to VBB tests
+	if ('bike' in ti) {
+		a.strictEqual(typeof ti.bike, 'boolean', name + '.bike must be a boolean')
+	}
+	if ('shortTrip' in ti) {
+		a.strictEqual(typeof ti.shortTrip, 'boolean', name + '.shortTrip must be a boolean')
+	}
+	if ('group' in ti) {
+		a.strictEqual(typeof ti.group, 'boolean', name + '.group must be a boolean')
+	}
+	if ('fullDay' in ti) {
+		a.strictEqual(typeof ti.fullDay, 'boolean', name + '.fullDay must be a boolean')
+	}
+	if ('tariff' in ti) {
+		a.strictEqual(typeof ti.tariff, 'string', name + '.tariff must be a string')
+		a.ok(ti.tariff, name + '.tariff must not be empty')
+	}
+	if ('coverage' in ti) {
+		a.strictEqual(typeof ti.coverage, 'string', name + '.coverage must be a string')
+		a.ok(ti.coverage, name + '.coverage must not be empty')
+	}
+	if ('variant' in ti) {
+		a.strictEqual(typeof ti.variant, 'string', name + '.variant must be a string')
+		a.ok(ti.variant, name + '.variant must not be empty')
+	}
+}
+
+const createValidateJourneyLeg = (cfg) => {
+	const validateJourneyLeg = (validate, leg, name = 'journeyLeg') => {
+		const withFakeScheduleAndOperator = Object.assign({
+			schedule: 'foo', // todo: let hafas-client parse a schedule ID
+			operator: 'bar' // todo: let hafas-client parse the operator
+		}, leg)
+		defaultValidators.journeyLeg(validate, withFakeScheduleAndOperator, name)
+
+		if (leg.arrival !== null) {
+			const msg = name + '.arrival is invalid'
+			a.ok(isValidWhen(leg.arrival, cfg.when), msg)
+		}
+		if (leg.departure !== null) {
+			const msg = name + '.departure is invalid'
+			a.ok(isValidWhen(leg.departure, cfg.when), msg)
+		}
+
+		if ('passed' in leg) {
+			a.ok(Array.isArray(leg.passed), name + '.passed must be an array')
+			a.ok(leg.passed.length > 0, name + '.passed must not be empty')
+
+			for (let i = 0; i < leg.passed.length; i++) {
+				validate('stopover', leg.passed[i], name + `.passed[${i}]`)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return validateJourneyLeg
+}
+
+const validateJourney = (validate, j, name = 'journey') => {
+	const withFakeId = Object.assign({
+		id: 'foo' // todo: let hafas-client parse a journey ID
+	}, j)
+	defaultValidators.journey(validate, withFakeId, name)
+
+	if ('tickets' in j) {
+		a.ok(Array.isArray(j.tickets), name + '.tickets must be an array')
+		a.ok(j.tickets.length > 0, name + '.tickets must not be empty')
+
+		for (let i = 0; i < j.tickets.length; i++) {
+			validate(['ticket'], j.tickets[i], name + `.tickets[${i}]`)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+	station: createValidateStation,
+	location: () => validateLocation,
+	poi: () => validatePoi,
+	address: () => validateAddress,
+	line: createValidateLine,
+	stopover: createValidateStopover,
+	ticket: () => validateTicket,
+	journeyLeg: createValidateJourneyLeg,
+	journey: () => validateJourney
+}